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PSIDIUM GUAJAVA - GUAVA. Synonym: Psidium cujavus, Psidium pomiferum Common name: guava, jambu klutuk, amrud, guyaba, pera, goiabeira, kuawa, jwafa, amrood, guaba, koiyaa. Family: Myrtaceae (Myrtle family). Overview Guava is a small tropical tree that grows up to 35 feet tall; it has spreading branches and smooth bark. The leathery leaves are opposite oblong-elliptic and have pronounced veins. When crushed they are aromatic. The flowers are white and somewhat fragrant. Although a tropical species, the tree can withstand some cold for a short period of time but no more than a few degrees of frost! Guava is widely grown for its fruit (round or oval) in the tropics; green fruits that turn yellow on ripening with edible, aromatic, seedy pulp. The pulp can be from white to deep pink. It has a distinctive fresh aroma with a sweet musk odor and the natural vitamin C content is higher than in citrus (200 mg in 100 gm of fruit). Guavas contain both carotenoids and polyphenols (antioxidant pigments). The juicy, fruit pulp is used in drinks or made into jelly. Guava leaf extracts are used in many herbal formulas; such as antibiotic, diabetes, diarrhea formulas, bowel health and weight loss. Constituents Eugenol; tannin, saponins; amydalin; phenolic acids; malic acid; ash, aldehydes. Catequinic components, volatile acids (include (E)-cinnamic acid and (Z)-3-hexenoic acid) and flavonoids. ß-sitosterol, maslinic acid, essential oils (alpha pinene, caryophyllene, cineol, D-limonene, eugenol, and myrcene), triterpenoids and flavonoids. In Suriname's Traditional Medicine, the whole guava-plant is used. The leaves and bark are used for diarrhea and dysentery, for stomach upsets, nose-bleeds, vaginal wash and to regulate menstrual periods. Guava has anti-bacterial activity and hypoglycemic properties. Hardiness: USDA zone 9 - 11. Propagation: seeds. Culture: sun, moist soil, protect from frost, serious damage occurs at 26° F. |
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